Understanding Menopause
Menopause is defined as the point when you’ve gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The years leading up to menopause — called perimenopause — are often when symptoms begin due to fluctuating hormone levels.
The stages of menopause
- Perimenopause: Hormone levels fluctuate; periods may change; symptoms often start or intensify
- Menopause: Confirmed after 12 months without a period
- Postmenopause: The years after menopause, when estrogen levels remain lower
Symptoms can begin years before menopause and may continue afterward — which is why ongoing care matters.
Common Symptoms of Menopause
Menopause affects the whole body, not just the reproductive system. Symptoms vary from person to person and may change over time.
Physical symptoms
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Sleep problems and fatigue
- Vaginal dryness, burning, or pain with sex
- Urinary urgency or recurrent UTIs
- Joint aches and body changes
- Headaches or heart palpitations
- Skin and hair changes
Brain and mood symptoms
- Trouble concentrating or “brain fog”
- Memory lapses or feeling mentally “off”
- Increased anxiety or irritability
- Mood changes or lower stress tolerance
If symptoms are affecting your daily life, work, relationships, or sleep, it’s important to talk with an OB-GYN.
Why It’s Important to See an OB-GYN
Menopause symptoms can overlap with other medical conditions, including thyroid disorders, sleep disorders, anxiety or depression, and medication side effects. An OB-GYN can help you:
- Determine whether symptoms are related to menopause or another cause
- Rule out underlying medical conditions when needed
- Review evidence-based treatment options — hormonal and non-hormonal
- Address long-term health considerations during midlife, including bone, heart, and sexual health
Menopause care isn’t just about symptom relief — it’s about supporting your health now and in the years ahead.
Treatment Options for Menopause Symptoms
There is no one-size-fits-all approach. Treatment is based on your symptoms, health history, and personal preferences.
Lifestyle and supportive care
- Sleep optimization and fatigue management
- Exercise and strength training
- Nutrition strategies
- Stress management and mental health support
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Hormone Replacement Therapy — also called menopausal hormone therapy — is one of the most effective treatments for menopause symptoms and may be an option for many women.
HRT works by replacing estrogen (and sometimes progesterone) that declines during menopause and can help relieve:
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Sleep disruption related to vasomotor symptoms
- Vaginal dryness and discomfort
- Quality-of-life symptoms related to hormonal changes
HRT is not right for everyone, and it should always be personalized. Your OB-GYN will review your medical history, risk factors, and symptoms to determine whether HRT is appropriate and which type and dose may be best for you.
HRT vs. MHT — what’s the difference?
You may see both terms used. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is the older, more familiar term, while menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is now preferred by many clinicians because it better reflects today’s individualized, symptom-focused approach to menopause care.
Want to Learn More About Hormone Therapy?
Hormone therapy decisions should be informed, personalized, and guided by an OB-GYN.
If you’re curious about whether HRT could help you — or want to understand the benefits, risks, and options — we’re here to help.
Non-hormonal treatment options
For those who cannot or prefer not to use hormones, non-hormonal options may include:
- Prescription medications to help with hot flashes, sleep, or mood symptoms
- Vaginal moisturizers or other treatments for vaginal and urinary symptoms
Supplements and over-the-counter products
Many supplements are marketed for menopause symptoms, but evidence varies. Always talk with your OB-GYN before starting supplements to ensure safety and avoid interactions.
When to Schedule an Appointment
Consider making an appointment if you’re experiencing:
- Hot flashes or night sweats that disrupt sleep
- Brain fog, anxiety, or mood changes
- Vaginal dryness or painful sex
- Urinary symptoms or recurrent UTIs
- Symptoms that are persistent, worsening, or interfering with daily life
You don’t have to navigate menopause alone — and you don’t have to “just live with it.”
Menopause Care at UWH of Michigan
Our OB-GYN providers offer compassionate, evidence-based menopause care — from early perimenopause through postmenopause. We take the time to listen, explain your options, and partner with you on a care plan that supports your comfort, confidence, and long-term health.